Texas Voters to Decide on 17 Constitutional Amendments this November

Texas voters will consider 17 proposed amendments to the state constitution on Nov. 4, 2025 — the most to appear on a single ballot since 2007. Early voting began Nov. 20.

Each proposed amendment first required approval by two-thirds of both the Texas House and Senate before being placed on the ballot. Voters will now decide whether to adopt them by a simple majority.

In the last statewide constitutional election, 12 of 13 proposed amendments were approved.

Texas has one of the longest state constitutions in the country. Since its adoption in 1876, voters have approved 530 amendments and rejected 181.

The following list shows the ballot order of the 2025 proposed amendments, as written by the Texas Secretary of State.

Proposition 1 
(SJR 59) "The constitutional amendment providing for the creation of the permanent technical institution infrastructure fund and the available workforce education fund to support the capital needs of educational programs offered by the Texas State Technical College System." 

What it means: This amendment creates an endowment for the Texas State Technical College Program. Unlike public two-year colleges, Texas State Technical College does not have taxing authority to issue bonds, therefore this amendment would create a pipeline for them to utilize the money for infrastructure and classroom equipment.

Proposition 2 
(SJR 18)"The constitutional amendment prohibiting the imposition of a tax on the realized or unrealized capital gains of an individual, family, estate, or trust." 

What it means: This amendment bans the state from taxing people or businesses on profits or potential profits form capital assets, such as investments, real estate, valuable items and certain personal property. The amendment would also eliminate the franchise tax on business trusts. 

Proposition 3 
(SJR 5) "The constitutional amendment requiring the denial of bail under certain circumstances to persons accused of certain offenses punishable as a felony."

What it means: This amendment would require a judge, if the state demonstrates that bail is not enough to prevent the defendant from fleeing or posing a public safety risk, to deny bail in certain cases for individuals accused of committing specific felonies, such as murder, aggravated assault and indecency with a child. 

Proposition 4 
(HJR 7) "The constitutional amendment to dedicate a portion of the revenue derived from state sales and use taxes to the Texas water fund and to provide for the allocation and use of that revenue." 

What it means: This amendment would dedicate $20 billion over the next two decades, $1 billion per year of state sales tax, to the Texas Water Fund for water infrastructure projects. 

Proposition 5 
(HJR 99) "The constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to exempt from ad valorem taxation tangible personal property consisting of animal feed held by the owner of the property for sale at retail." 

What it means: This amendment would provide a tax exemption on animal feed that is held as inventory to be sold. 

Proposition 6 
(HJR 4) "The constitutional amendment prohibiting the legislature from enacting a law imposing an occupation tax on certain entities that enter into transactions conveying securities or imposing a tax on certain securities transactions." 

What it means: This amendment would prohibit the state from creating new taxes on securities transactions, such as stock trading, and from taxing those who operate or work in the securities market, including financial institutions, brokers and dealers. 

Proposition 7 
(HJR 133) "The constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to provide for an exemption from ad valorem taxation of all or part of the market value of the residence homestead of the surviving spouse of a veteran who died as a result of a condition or disease that is presumed under federal law to have been service-connected."

What it means: This amendment would give a property tax break to the surviving spouse of a U.S. veteran that died as a result of a condition or disease that is presumed under federal law to be service connected, so long as they have not remarried.

Proposition 8 
(HJR 2) "The constitutional amendment to prohibit the legislature from imposing death taxes applicable to a decedent's property or the transfer of an estate, inheritance, legacy, succession, or gift. 

What it means: This amendment would prohibit the state from imposing a tax on an estate or when an estate or inheritance is transferred. It should be noted that Texas does not currently have an inheritance tax. 

Proposition 9 
(HJR 1) "The constitutional amendment to authorize the legislature to exempt from ad valorem taxation a portion of the market value of tangible personal property a person owns that is held or used for the production of income." 

What it means: This amendment would exempt up to $125,000 of business inventory or equipment from being taxed by school districts, cities, counties or other taxing entities. Currently businesses do not have to pay taxes on that property if it is worth $2,500 or less. 

Proposition 10 
(SJR 84) "The constitutional amendment to authorize the legislature to provide for a temporary exemption from ad valorem taxation of the appraised value of an improvement to a residence homestead that is completely destroyed by a fire." 

What it means: This amendment creates a process that would temporarily lower property taxes on homes that have been destroyed by a fire. Homeowners would be required to apply for an adjusted tax bill. 

Proposition 11 
(SJR 85) "The constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to increase the amount of the exemption from ad valorem taxation by a school district of the market value of the residence homestead of a person who is elderly or disabled." 

What it means: This amendment would raise the homestead exemption for elderly or disabled Texans to $60,000. This in conjunction with Prop 13 (if passed) would raise the exemption to $200,000 total for elderly or disabled homeowners. 

Proposition 12 
(SJR 27) "The constitutional amendment regarding the membership of the State Commission on Judicial Conduct, the membership of the tribunal to review the commission's recommendations, and the authority of the commission, the tribunal, and the Texas Supreme Court to more effectively sanction judges and justices for judicial misconduct."

What it means: This amendment would change the make-up of Texas’ State Commission on Judicial Conduct. If passed the commission would now have six judges or justices of courts appointed by the
Texas Supreme Court, two of which have to be trial court judges, and seven citizens appointed by the Governor.

Proposition 13 
(SJR 2) "The constitutional amendment to increase the amount of the exemption of residence homesteads from ad valorem taxation by a school district from $100,000 to $140,000." 

What it means: This amendment would raise the homestead exemption to $140,000. 

Proposition 14 
(SJR 3) "The constitutional amendment providing for the establishment of the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, establishing the Dementia Prevention and Research Fund to provide money for research on and prevention and treatment of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and related disorders in this state, and transferring to that fund $3 billion from state general revenue."

What it means: This amendment would establish the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute and would give an initial $3 billion in state surplus revenue to the Dementia Prevention and Research Fund. After that initial investment, the institute will receive $300 million annually. 

Proposition 15 
(SJR 34) "The constitutional amendment affirming that parents are the primary decision makers for their children." 

What it means: This amendment does not change any laws but explicitly places the rights of parents into the Texas Constitution that are already protected by the U.S. Constitution 

Proposition 16 
(SJR 37) "The constitutional amendment clarifying that a voter must be a United States citizen." 

What it means: This amendment adds language to the Texas Constitution to explicitly state that a person who is not a citizen of the United States cannot vote in the state. 

Proposition 17 
(HJR 34) "The constitutional amendment to authorize the legislature to provide for an exemption from ad valorem taxation of the amount of the market value of real property located in a county that borders the United Mexican States that arises from the installation or construction on the property of border security infrastructure and related improvements." 

What it means: This amendment would allow the state to prevent property values in border counties from increasing due to the installation and addition of border security infrastructure and related improvements.